The country relies on a criminal justice system that is mired in many issues, including inefficiency, corruption and internal divisions. In addition many South Africans, including on-duty policemen, are arrested for drinking and driving, a crime which is linked to 27% of fatal road accidents. Many of these violent crimes in fact occur in or directly outside bars, taverns, shebeens or nightclubs. The consumption and abuse of alcohol is seen as a direct cause or contributing factor in many murder, attempted murder, assault, gender-based assault and rape cases.

The high levels of inequality, poverty, unemployment, social exclusion and marginalisation.

Due to poverty and deprivation, unstable living arrangements and inconsistent parenting, some South African children are exposed to risk factors which increase their chances of becoming involved in criminality and violence.

The vulnerability of young people due to inadequate child-rearing, followed by poor guardianship and youth socialisation.

Credibility within this subculture is related to the readiness to resort to extreme violence. Those involved in the subculture are engaged in criminal careers and commonly use firearms, with the exception of Cape Town where knife violence is more prevalent.

A subculture of violence and criminality, ranging from individual criminals who rape or rob, to informal groups or more formalised gangs.

Violence is seen by many as a necessary and justified way of resolving conflict, and some men believe that coercive sexual behaviour towards women is legitimate. Violent and non-violent crimes in South Africa have been ascribed to: The study pointed out different factors which contributed to high levels of violence. In February 2007, the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation was contracted by the South African ANC government to carry out a study on the nature of crime in South Africa.

3.8 Employment scams and fake professionals.

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